This is caused by an RNA flavivirus. Acute symptomatic infection with hepatitis C is rare. Most individuals are unaware of when they became infected and are only identified when they develop chronic liver disease.
Hepatitis C is the cause of what used to be known as ‘non-A, non-B hepatitis’
The hepatitis B virus consists of a core containing DNA The core of the virus is surrounded by surface protein .The virus, also called a Dane particle, and an excess of its surface protein circulate in the blood.
Humans are the only source of infection.
Cirrhosis is characterised by diffuse hepatic fibrosis and nodule formation. It can occur at any age, has significant morbidity and is an important cause of premature death. Worldwide, the most common causes are chronic viral hepatitis, prolonged excessive alcohol consumption and Cirrhosis is the most common cause of portal hypertension
The causes of cirrhosis are
Biliary
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Secondary biliary cirrhosis
Cystic fibrosis
SIGN AND SYMPTOM IN PATIENT
Hepatomegaly (although liver may also be small)
Men: gynaecomastia, testicular atrophy, impotence
Women: breast atrophy, irregular menses, amenorrhoea
Portal hypertension: splenomegaly, collateral vessels, variceal bleeding
Hepatic encephalopathy
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Jaundice is usually detectable clinically when the plasma bilirubin exceeds ~2.5 mg/Dl . In a patient with the causes of jaundice overlap with the causes of abnormal jaundice it is useful to consider whether the cause might be pre-hepatic, hepatic or post-hepatic and there are often important clues in the history .
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