Hyperglycaemia is a very common biochemical abnormality. It is frequently detected on routine biochemical analysis of asymptomatic patients, following routine dipstick testing of urine showing glycosuria, or during severe illness.
Occasionally, patients present as an emergency with acute metabolic decompensation. The key goals are to establish whether the patient has diabetes, and if so, what type of diabetes it is and how it should be treated.
Symptoms of hyperglycaemia
- Thirst, dry mouth
- Polyuria
- Nocturia
- Tiredness, fatigue, lethargy
- Change in weight (usually weight loss)
- Blurring of vision
- Pruritus vulvae, balanitis (genital candidiasis)
- Nausea
- Headache
- Hyperphagia; predilection for sweet foods
- Mood change, irritability, difficulty in concentrating, apathy
Dietary management of diabetes
- Achieve good glycaemic control
- Reduce hyperglycaemia and avoid hypoglycaemia
- Assist with weight management:
Weight maintenance for type 1 diabetes and non-obese type 2 diabetes
Weight loss for overweight and obese type 2 diabetes
- Ensure adequate nutritional intake
- Avoid ‘atherogenic’ diets or those that aggravate complications, e.g. high protein intake in nephropathy
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Posted in Category: Hormonal Disorders
