Cirrhosis is characterised by diffuse hepatic fibrosis and nodule formation. It can occur at any age, has significant morbidity and is an important cause of premature death. Worldwide, the most common causes are chronic viral hepatitis, prolonged excessive alcohol consumption and Cirrhosis is the most common cause of portal hypertension
The causes of cirrhosis are
- Alcohol
- Chronic viral hepatitis (B or C)
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- Immune Primary sclerosing cholangitis
- Autoimmune liver disease
Biliary
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Secondary biliary cirrhosis
Cystic fibrosis
SIGN AND SYMPTOM IN PATIENT
Hepatomegaly (although liver may also be small)
- Jaundice
- Ascites
- Circulatory changes: spider telangiectasia, palmar erythema, cyanosis
- Endocrine changes: loss of libido, hair loss
Men: gynaecomastia, testicular atrophy, impotence
Women: breast atrophy, irregular menses, amenorrhoea
Portal hypertension: splenomegaly, collateral vessels, variceal bleeding
Hepatic encephalopathy
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